Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional concerns in infancy, especially once a baby’s birth iron stores start running low around six months. Here’s what current AAP and CDC guidance says about when screening typically happens and how families can support healthy iron levels.
Why Iron Deficiency Is Common at This Age
Babies are born with iron stores from their mothers, but those reserves are largely used up by around six months of age. From that point on, breast milk or formula alone often isn’t enough, so iron-rich solid foods become an important part of the diet. Exclusively breastfed infants, preemies, and babies born at a low birth weight tend to have smaller iron reserves or use them up faster, putting them at higher risk. Rapid growth during this stage also increases how much iron a baby’s body needs relative to its size.
When and How Screening Happens
The AAP recommends a hemoglobin blood test as part of routine screening, generally between 9 and 12 months for infants who are primarily breastfed and between 15 and 18 months for those who are primarily formula-fed. The test checks a small blood sample for hemoglobin and, often, ferritin levels, along with a brief risk-factor questionnaire during a well-child visit. Babies born preterm, at a low birth weight, or with a limited diet may be screened earlier or more often.
Supporting Healthy Iron Intake
Once solids are introduced, iron-rich foods like pureed meats, iron-fortified cereals, beans, and leafy greens can help meet a growing baby’s needs. Pairing these with vitamin C-rich fruits may help the body absorb iron more easily. When screening shows low iron stores or anemia, a pediatrician can help decide whether a supplement is appropriate and what dose makes sense for that child.
When to Call the Doctor Right Away
A baby who looks unusually pale, seems persistently low-energy, or isn’t feeding or gaining weight well is worth having checked by a doctor. Severe vomiting, blood in the stool, or a noticeable change in alertness after starting an iron supplement calls for urgent care rather than waiting for a routine visit — contact a doctor immediately or head to an emergency room. This information is based on U.S. (AAP/CDC) guidance; if you live elsewhere, check with a local pediatrician for country-specific recommendations. This information isn’t a diagnostic tool and doesn’t replace advice from a medical professional.